I disagree that hes under-appreciated. Unfortunately, during the Clinton era ultimately there were four, five, or six independent counsels chosen to look into Bruce Babbitt and Ron Brown and some of the other people. There were so many exceptions and carve-outs and so forth from the final bill that you couldnt count them. More in terms of ostracism from your former colleagues. So in the early period, Id have to go back and look at when the President laid the legislation forward, but I want to say it was first of March or something like that. This would have been before you were in the transition office? WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack Obama on Tuesday interviewed investment banker Roger Altman, a former Treasury official, as a candidate to replace If you can think of a great President, a President who is seen as really great, who didnt have such a crisis, Id like to hear it, because I dont think there is one. And it was just fuel on the already roaring fire of Whitewater. He must have wondered what he was doing. So I didnt take him seriously except as in a sort of inner political context. Youre serving your country. I dont know why we were the earliest on the list. You referred earlier to Garys question that most of the decisions that Clinton made about his priorities came post-election, but the process. I went back to the airport in Austin, reported that to Warren Christopher, and I think we were all announced within a week. But with regard to deficit reduction. There were those who feltI would put Bob Reich at the top of the listwho felt the most important thing was to do a big stimulus program involving a lot of spending initiatives. You think that a lot of Republicans who didnt support it would say, Well, theres a little justice in the world because Bush 41 paid the price for having a compromise in 1990 that, along the lines of the 1993 bill, did help restore some fiscal discipline to the U.S. So I dont think my reactions to that were really any different than anybody else following the campaign. The politics of personal destruction as Mrs. Clinton is saying now on her book tour, common in American history, nothing new about it at all. Hes not focusing on it, he doesnt particularly care about it. The reason it didnt succeed a lot more than that is because its really macro factors that drive this. Tickets to the Kennedy Center and things of that nature, or is this too big a matter. It just depended on the size of the concession. Its actually enjoyable, its fun. Thats one where the Federal role is much bigger and one of the things we didnt discuss is why the administration did not latch onto that early on, even though the President was on the populist side of reform. For some people the idea was, a southern Governor almost by definition has a better chance than a lot of other candidates. People forget that, even today. I knew what the ATF was, but not much more than that. I remember that day. Mike Levy, our person, whod been Senator Bentsens primary legislative staffer, was a true pro, and that particular axis worked like a charm. This is just a tradition, The answer is, in my viewthis is just my recollection now, other people would have a different onewas economics first, foreign policy second. Bentsen only talked to about five or six Senators. The President made a decision he was going toand he discussed this during the campaign at lengthbe more aggressive with Japan to have a fairer, more level playing field. Could you tell us what your portfolio was within Treasury and what your primary responsibilities were? That was the all-time low for the dollar. He is the only person who has declined because of heath reasons and we wont have the opportunity to talk with him. So it became effectively a simultaneous multilateral and bilateral summit because it became the setting for Clintons direct discussions with the Japanese Prime Minister. Senior Management, U.S. Investment Banking and Evercore ISI businesses are conducted through Evercore Group L.L.C., a member of. I remember that very vividly, and I said, I want to do the honorable thing. There are some people who wouldsome of the George H. W. Bush people date the partisanship from the budget deal. The only other observation that just randomly runs through my mind is, I was always described in the press as an intimate of Clintons and that was just not the case. I should have said Larry Summers was an important part of that too. The Japanese economy was relatively weak at that time although it was in perhaps the first third of its now 12-year, or 14-year slump after the Nikkei peaked at 39,000. It used to be, I believe, that they were graded on grounds of competent scholarship and so forth. Can you tell us about his decision-making process on this? Its worth asking. Not necessarily. It was hard to make any progress at all because the Japanese really didnt want to agree to any of this. So I spent a lot of time on healthcare. I can vote against it, tell my constituents Ill never support a tax increase. Mostly because Clinton put everyone in a room, for endless hours, to the point where most people wanted to drop and everybody was sitting there around the table. Last weekend, Roger Altman was back at his ranch in Wyomings Jackson Hole, looking tanned and relaxed, entertaining friends like White House chief economist There was some action forcing the schedule and the President would have had to ditch the treaty, just say, Ive decided Im not for it. The contrast between Chicago, which was in an uproar at the time, and Georgetown couldnt have been more vivid. That was the day the earth moved and Clintons view changed. He did a version of what Carter did earlier, which was end up positioned to the right of most of his opponents in the Democratic primaries. And its not the right move to inform a Cabinet officer that his team is Mr. X, Miss Y, and Miss Z. The feelings of people along the wayside were just very endearing. Yes. You say you knew Rubin well, but did you have a sense that in the other places where economic policy-making is made there was ever any tension over this kind of an arrangement? Do you think that making this effort was driven by foreign policy considerations first and foremost, or was it genuinely an economic policy? But the two major currency accords, the Plaza Accord and the Louvre Accord, were done in times of crisis in the foreign exchange markets. You had the bilateral talks with the Japanese and the G7 format. The American political system has changed a lot. So he chose someone who not only had a great reputation and tremendous stature, but who could particularly help him with Congress, and it was a shrewd choice. It was quite a full-bore effort. So I think it was quite smart to be done then. Also, wed had 12 years of Republican rule and there was a widespread sense of time for change. It really wasnt that way. But that was really after the economic program passed. Its very difficult to do that during a campaign. Roger Altman (left) launched Evercore in 1995 and shed the CEO title in May of last year when Ralph Schlosstein (right) took it and quintupled assets under management to $15 billion. Well, how do you know? So, for example, the partisanship in Washington hasnt particularly declined since President Clinton left office. But, you know, its history, its participating right there in the actual, critical moment of history, and the sense of participating is very uplifting. But I dont really think that was the reason that he voted for it, but only an hour before the vote in the Senate did we know we had his vote. I think if Edmund Morris were writing with that skill about the Clinton years, hed have a whole chapter on the vote on this plan. But there were some deputies, Harold Ickes came in maybe six months or soIm trying to remember when that first shakeup with the deputies was. By that late stage of the budget battle, all the concessions and fine-tuning that could be made to the bill had already been done, so you had a package at that point that wasnt going to be reopened. Secretary [William] Simon spent hours with me, which is quite odd in retrospect since I was 32. You know, Bushs approach to international diplomacy is, Here are my buddiesall of whom he seems to nickname. Youd worked in a couple of campaigns before this one, or youd been involved in campaigns. Japan accepted a series of goals that we wanted them to accept, but the teeth, in terms of enforcement, werent there. Id actually been politically active in high school, but my political involvements didnt extend beyond the campus. There were deals being cut like crazy, deals on tomatoes, deals on Florida citrus. Bentsen had a lucidits hard to describe how lucid Bentsens observations always were. Im very fond of her, extremely fond of her, and it was, Other than that, how was the play, Mrs. [Mary Todd] Lincoln? So that the link in Clintons mind between deficit reduction and stimulus disappeared when it got into the political arena. Hed been in every relevant forum for 15 years or so and he had a perfect political ear, if I can say so. Was there awareness at that time, I mean, in the perspective of 2003, I recognize the world looks different. The hearings process really kind of kicks it off. So it quickly became apparent that some elements of the plan were going to face heavy sledding. It doesnt make sense, it belies any grasp of history, and so forth. He was on a roof, about an 8-foot-high roof. The social aspect of it also involved here? Did you stay in Little Rock for a while afterward? Thats how politics works. I got involved in certain aspects of preparing it, editing it, fine-tuning it, I recall that. Toward the end it was all about these four names or these six names and how do we get their votes. It wasnt difficult at all because Cuomo was a polarizing figure. My memory is a bit fuzzy on that. Were now in the pre-election period. You ultimately get into a room like this and you say, youd better start to train me, tell me how this happened. The second was the evolution of the deficit estimates during that period. Exactly. Now in retrospect did his presence in the campaign serve to move the candidates a bit to the right on deficit reduction and so forth? You look at the relationships he ended up having with a lot of people that he was initially close to and were central to his administration, whether its George Stephanopoulos or whoever else it may be. Ive been struck on several occasions in response to questions, youve referred to historical patterns and trends. We came up with a Btu [British thermal unit] tax. I think we had a sandwich or something and I took off and went back to the airport. But as often happens, there is a moment when positions shift. There are extremes here. Somethings pretty strange here. It was a good-sized ballroom here in New York. Who the key players were and so forth. The difficulties that you had were primarily generated by Congressional investigators then, rather than the independent counsel. So I wasnt sure what was going to happen, but there was no one in the field that was suddenly squashing everyone else including Clinton. Carter, whos a wonderful man, God knows, however is very rigid. Dont ever talk down your currency; dont ever quarrel with the Federal Reserve Board. No, what Im trying to say is that there were several points of view advanced by some of the people there, who had, in one form or another, policy experience. Spent hours with me, tell me how this happened can say so couldnt have been vivid... 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