patton crossing the rhine

Patton, who actually did not have the orders to cross the river, did so under an extremely low profile: quietly, his troops crossed the river in boats without artillery barrage nor aerial bombardment. Meanwhile the construction of an even larger Class 40 bridge "London Bridge" continued and was completed by midnight. Total losses for the day were five Shermans and more than 40 Panther and Mark IV tanks. On 22 March, Patton's 3rd Army crossed the Rhine south of Mainz at Oppenheim. US First Army finally broke out of Remagen bridgehead in Germany. As blue skies gave way to rainy spells signaling autumn's approach, the U.S. Third Army readied itself for a push to the Rhine, and perhaps the honor of being the first Allied troops to hurdle the last major barrier on the road to Berlin. The Germans attacked along the entire line on September 29, and Wietersheim committed his final reserve of 40 tanks to the fight for Hill 318. The Shermans then retreated behind the crest of the ridge and reappeared at another point to finish off the three remaining Panthers. Upon arriving at a dock area, Tucker and his comrades saw a group of sailors lowering a Landing Ship Tank (LST) into the water with a large crane. Opposition was negligible and within 24 hours the entire US 5th Division had crossed the river. The publicity was not for meGod knows Ive got enoughI could go to heaven and St. Peter would recognize me right awaybut it is for the officers and the men. Patton then complained that the Marines go to town by reporting the number [of their men] killed, I always try to fight without getting [our] people killed.. By that evening, the Germans had discovered Pattons forces, and perhaps more important, Pattons British rival, Field Marshall Bernard Montgomery, was preparing to cross the Rhine as well. A spearhead of the 317th Infantry Regiment crossed the river in boats, but the following morning they were bombarded by German artillery and mortars, which forced them into their foxholes. For 10 months he was without a command and on pins and needles as to the exact nature of his next assignment. If so, please consider supporting us on Patreon. As the troops of the French First Army crossed the Rhine River near Speyer, Germany, they became the first French troops to attack across the river since Napoleon Bonaparte. This post is part of our collection of resources on Nazi Germany. Copyright 2004-2023 Lava Development, LLC., all rights reserved, See all 47 photographs of Crossing the Rhine, Message from George Patton to US 5th Infantry Division. Although the 106th Panzer Brigade was led by veterans from the Eastern Front, its crews had received very little training and the brigade suffered from a severe shortage of communications equipment essential to coordinate an assault. "It's time for another Patton to die," he said aloud. The men of the 317th Infantry Regiment managed to cross a bridge left intact and braced themselves for a counterattack. Although the Panzergrenadiers on the crest had managed to hold on during the morning, the combined pressure of American ground fire and air strikes finally broke the enemys nerve and the ground troops began retreating down the southern slope in the afternoon. 2nd Lt. Richard Buss, commanding a platoon of M18s, ordered one of his vehicles to take up a well-protected position behind a railroad embankment with only its barrel visible. Until now, I cant find a webpage, book or other source for an . Cross the border into Germany and the city of Trier, which Patton seized after crossing the Saar and Rhine rivers. 140 kilometers to the north, British Second Army captured Wesel, Germany. 9th AID M3 Half-tracks advancing through Engers, Germany, 27 March 1945. Click here to see our comprehensive article on World War 2. In 1943 he commanded the U.S. Crossing the Rhine 24 -31 March 1945: C-47 transport planes release hundreds of paratroops and their supplies over the Rees-Wesel area to the east of the Rhine. Balck expanded the fight by committing units from Knobelsdorffs First Army to the battle on September 24. Seventh Army during the Sicilian campaign (Operation Husky), and in August 1944 his Third Army became operational in northern France. News of the crossing made it around the world. McLain issued orders for the nearest infantry regiments to converge on the enemy column. ww2dbaseTo Eisenhower's surprise, the crossing of the Rhine River north of the Ruhr was not met with fierce resistance, and he attributed it to the beginning of the destruction of German morale. The day dawned with a thick blanket of fog shrouding the crest of the hill. Despite the ferocity of the attack, the cavalry held on for four hours before it finally withdrew into the town. Patton (1895-1945) directed the amphibious landings near Casablanca during the Torch landings. In Germany, US 1st Army captured Marburg and US 3rd Army captured Limburg am Lahn. Email Address Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. So dont make any announcementwell keep it a secret until we see how it goes.. We figured we had a perfectly good boat. This meant that two columns of tanks and half-tracks from the 113th would have to carry the objective themselves. Both sides employed heavy guns to shell enemy forces clinging to their respective slopes. Patton was relieved of command in the wake of the incident but was not dismissed from war service. The Shermans therefore attempted to use the ridge for cover and engage the Panthers head-on, with disappointing results. . von Florian Weber; Verffentlicht am 1. For inquiries about military records for members of the World War II armed forces, please see our FAQ. Company A, advancing on the left, gained high ground west of Juvelize, and with substantial artillery support, it checked the momentum of the enemy armor pushing south. Manteuffel had originally been promised two more new panzer brigades, the 107th and 108th, but Hitler had shunted them north to defend Aachen against Hodges First Army. ww2dbaseOn 24 Mar, Churchill crossed the Rhine River in an LCM (landing craft, mechanized), setting foot on the eastern bank of the river, symbolizing the crossing of the top British political leader over the traditional border of Germany that no foreign army had crossed in 140 years. Meanwhile, Company B engaged the Germans who had taken up a strong position inside Juvelize. Patton would be promoted to General (four stars) in April, 1945, after his troops liberated some of the worst concentration camps in Germany, and was fighting toward the Czech border by the time VE Day was declared on 8 May 1945. Crossing the Rhine moves at a fast pace, delivers an innovative interpretation of the past, and forces us to ask ourselves just what it takesin blood spilt, . Maj. Gen. Leroy Irvins 5th Infantry Division pushed across the swollen waters of the flooded Metz River the following day to gain a precarious bridgehead at Dornot, five miles south of Metz. He made his way halfway across the bridge before suddenly halting. The bulk of men and supplies would be detailed for the primary thrust toward the Ruhr in the north, but a secondary thrust through Lorraine was considered worth undertaking to stretch German forces along the Western Front. Patton, not wanting to compromise his army's success with publicity, telephoned Omar Bradley the following morning and uncharacteristically told him to keep it a secret. We've got him. Luttwitz and Krueger received their orders two days before the start date. The Americans captured the northern fort almost immediately, but German paratroopers held out in the southern fort for five days. Though Gen. Patton had the blessing of Twelfth Army Group head Gen. Omar Bradley (take the Rhine on the run), his intent was to steal Montys thunder on the eve of the British commanders massive buildup of land-based and airborne units and to make the British offensive anticlimactic. had to be carried out under closely supervised security to prevent the German defenders on the higher ground across the river anticipating the exact location of the crossing. 6731 Whittier Avenue, Suite C-100 McLean, VA 22101, Stay up to date with all of our latest news, He sent one regiment from Maj. Gen. Horace McBrides 80th Division across the Moselle at Toul as a diversionary attack. The 37th Tank Battalion would get no rest on September 20. To their surprise, they were not opposed by enemy forces. Though beaten across the Rhine by Patton's Third Army, Montgomery's meticulous operation shone in its flawless execution. Meanwhile, the main attack that morning by the Germans against the 51st Armored Infantry Battalion of Dagers CCB occupying the camelback was broken up by the concentrated fire of six artillery battalions. But where he crossed the Main? Over the next four days, CCA raided the countryside around Arracourt, managing to destroy more enemy tanks and vehicles at a cost of only a half dozen M4 Sherman tanks. Finally, head to Hamm American Cemetery to visit Patton's grave. This kind of came as a surprise, but everything was so well prepared for us, recalled Tucker. As for Patton, he incorrectly dismissed the action as nothing more than another failed local counterattack. ww2dbasePrior to crossing the Rhine, the Allied forces were already bombing German airfields to reduce the capability for the Luftwaffe to interfere with the plans. Most of the forces opposite Pattons Third Army belonged to the German First Army, which was part of General-Colonel Johannes Blaskowitzs Army Group G. Hitler planned to increase the forces opposite Patton to the point that they would be capable of launching a strong counterattack that would rock Third Army back on its heels. If youre interested in learning more about Patton, and his long history in and impact on the United States Army hint, its far deeper than just World War 2 Carlo DEstes biography, Patton: A Genius for War, is a good start. Still, the 137th Infantry Division that same day managed to establish several small bridgeheads on the eastern bank. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was the supreme commander of Allied forces in North Africa at the time, picked Patton to lead the U.S. ww2dbaseThe river on XXX Corps' front was 500 yards across and defended on its eastern bank by the German 8th Parachute Division, in and around the town of Rees. As the Americans prepared to resume their push east, the vanguard of CCA shifted north toward Chateau-Salins. That evening Manteuffel made substantial adjustments to the German plan of attack. The comparatively light casualty rate experienced by the first troops across (153rd and 154th Brigades of 51st Highland Division) clearly demonstrated how thorough the preparations had been made. My Dad was quoted as saying: We had crossed the Moselle River and gained a high ground position two miles to the east. The Shermans popped over the crest of the ridge and opened fire on the enemy tank column at a range of 900 yards, destroying five enemy tanks by striking them in the side. Having previously been denied permission to photograph the face of the 200,000th prisoner (the Geneva Convention required that a prisoner be protected against acts of public curiosity), Patton announced that this time we will take a picture of his ass. (A week later their POW capture would top 300,000. The strike destroyed five Panthers and 20 half-tracks. The Americans sought to offset the Germans armor advantage in the sector by committing a platoon of Shermans from the 8th Tank Battalion to the fight. Patton spent so much time cajoling Bradley for permission to continue his advance east and additional reinforcements that he was seemingly oblivious to the stiffening enemy resistance and to evidence that the Germans were amassing substantial reinforcements in the Nancy sector. When the Germans attacking Hill 265 learned of the withdrawal of the 11th Panzer Division to Bures, they also quit the battle. The Crossing of the Rhine River. The 134th Infantry Regiment was ordered to cross on the left below Nancy, and the 137th Infantry Regiment on the right. Click here for our comprehensive information resource on the society, ideology, and key events in Nazi Germany. In December he was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force and planned the July 1944 invasion of Europe (Operation Overlord). To protect the fatherland, Hitler ordered all German forces on the Western Front to hold their positions on the Moselle to allow engineers to make much-needed improvements to the West Wall fortifications. With no ground or air bombardments, they captured 19,000 German troops and created a six-mile bridgehead in the process. In a widely publicized incident, he slapped and cursed a soldier suffering from battle fatigue in a field hospital in front of staff and patients. The 134th was fortunate to find a bridge intact and threw a battalion across the river. The initial counterattacks against Third Armys bridgeheads should have convinced him that the enemy was regaining strength. Two days earlier, Patton had told Maj. Gen. Manton Eddy that his XII Corps would lead the way. Out of the fog on September 22, the remaining tanks of the 111th Panzer Brigade punched like a steel fist through CCAs cavalry screen around Juvelize. Hitler, who reluctantly agreed to a far less ambitious counterattack than initially envisioned, issued orders for the German attack to begin on September 18. The 37th Tank Battalion was sent to the rear to rest and refit. A week before the Rhine crossing, Patton had held a press conference in which he delivered a classic performance, mixing the humorous, provocative, and the profane. Meanwhile, US Third Army captured Aschaffenburg, Germany, 40 kilometers to the southeast. Unfortunately for the Germans, the 111th Panzer Brigade became lost in unfamiliar countryside and didnt reach the staging area at Bures until late afternoon on the 19th. The purpose of this note is to express to you personally my deep appreciation of the splendid way in which you have conducted Third Army operations from the moment it entered battle last August 1. ww2dbaseDwight Eisenhower expected the German troops, some elite including soldiers of the First Paratroop Army, would be prepared for such an invasion in the northern Ruhr area. But its fortune ended there. First Armys center, which was anchored at Metz, was the responsibility of SS General-Lieutenant Herman Priess, commanding the 13th SS Corps, while First Armys left wing at Nancy was entrusted to General der Panzertruppen Heinrich Freiherr von Luttwitz, commanding the 47th Panzer Corps. Overseas: 26 August 1944. (To be fair to the British 21st Army Group, their Rhine crossings were marshy (Wesel) and twice as wide, with the river carrying a far higher volume of water than the crossings consigned to the U.S. Third and Seventh Armies and the French First Army, meaning that Montgomery could not possibly cross the Rhine on the run.) The next day Patton, showing his contempt for the enemy, made good on his pledge to piss in the Rhine in a week, which he did from a pontoon bridge in full view of his men and news cameras. For its part, the 15th Panzergrenadier Division had three dozen Mark IV tanks. Right: U.S. Army Generals Omar Bradley, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and George S. Patton. Taken together, the losses seriously compromised the impending large-scale counterattack that Manteuffel was charged with executing. Instead, he commented, They brought up a row of trucks filled with assault boats. This article is part of our larger selection of postsabout the George S. Patton. Because the raising of fresh Volksgrenadier divisions and panzer brigades would take time, Hitler transferred two crack divisions, General Hans Heckers 3rd Panzergrenadier and General-Lieutenant Eberhard Rodts 15th Panzergrenadier, by train from the Italian front. Elements of the 4th and 6th Armored Divisions, the latter which had been serving as Third Armys rear guard, and other units began converging on the townin response. Third Armys advance would be further slowed by squabbles among Pattons lieutenants and by lack of training in fortress warfare on the part of its infantry. Pattons Third Army found itself mired in a morass as it struggled against fuel shortages, flooded rivers, and fresh German panzer units in September 1944. site is two fold. American radioscrackled throughout the morning with requests to rush immediate support to Lunville. This operation to cross the northern Rhine River launched in the night of 23 Mar 1945. Patton had been correct that the Germans possessed no defense in depth immediately after Third Army crossed the Moselle. On the night of March 22, 1945, elements of the Third Army crossed the Rhine at the German town of Oppenheim. Click here to see our comprehensive article on World War 2. Patton celebrated the victory by stopping on a treadway bridge his men had built and relieving himself into the river. The following day Patton arrived at the pontoon bridge his engineers had constructed over the Rhine. Left: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, in the company of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery and a party of U.S. commanders, crosses to the German-held east bank of the Rhine without incident, March25, 1945. We began to cautiously filter down through the moonlit streets toward the shingled beach. Although his unit was spearheading the attack toward the river, he assumed there would be a pause to get organized for the crossing. Brad, for Gods sake tell the world were across. News of the crossing made it around the world. In addition, Eisenhower and Bradley had decided to transfer Haislips XV Corps to Lt. Gen. Jacob Devers Sixth Army leaving Patton once again with just two corps. CROSSING THE RHINE. The attack on the 25th was not substantial enough to disrupt a shuffling of U.S. forces in the Arracourt sector. Patton was fatally injured in a road accident on December9, 1945, dying twelve days later. At Toul, where a great bend in the Moselle channeled the Moselle away from Nancy, the Germans were content to allow McBrides 319th Infantry Regiment to cross unopposed on September 5. His superior, General Omar Bradley, released news of this crossing to the press "at a time calculated to take some of the luster from the news of Montgomerys crossing." [5] Bradley told General George S. Pattonwhose U.S. Third Army had been fighting through the Palatinateto "take the Rhine on the run". In other words, they had no depth, Patton said. On 7 March, the 9th Armoured Division of the US 1st Army captured the partially damaged railway bridge at Remagen. As US Third Army made another Rhine River crossing near Worms, Germany, British Second Army and Canadian First Army launched their assaults across the Rhine River north of the Ruhr River. Under extremely tough and experienced Parachute and Panzer officers and NCOs new replacements (many dedicated Nazis) had been moulded into a formidable fighting force. After the completion of the Battle in The Ardennes, Patton and his Army turned to the south and east attacking toward the Rhine. But there are so few Krauts around there they dont know it yet. Hitler also began a systematic process to produce fresh divisions to replace those smashed by the Allies in central France. To learn more,click here for our comprehensive guide to General Patton. Patton arrived in France exactly one month after the D-Day invasion to set up the operational command for Third Army. Within three days Patton's troops were rapidly approaching Frankfurt, Germany, capturing bridges in tact as the German defenses began to fall apart. The media and public back home were outraged that a general would treat an enlisted man in such a manner. All of these units suffered serious armored and antitank deficiencies. The following day, CCB lined up with the 137th Regiment at Lorey in time to defeat another counterattack by the 15th Panzergrenadier Division. Although the day was cloudy and wet, two squadrons of P-47s from the 405th Fighter Squadron were able to navigate to the area using their cockpit instruments and instructions from ground spotters. "My dear General", Winston Churchill said to the American general as they met the next morning, "the German is whipped. Although the U.S. First Army had already captured an intact bridge over the river at Remagen, there was still a rivalry between Patton and British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery to cross next. Both corps commanders had received intelligence reports that two Panzergrenadier divisions, the 3rd and 17th, were prepared to contest the crossing, and that they would likely be reinforced by surviving elements of the 21st Panzer and Panzer Lehr Divisions. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, Against All Odds: A True Story of Ultimate Courage and Survival in World War II, Forgotten: The Untold Story of D-Day's Black Heroes, at Home and at War, A Higher Call: An Incredible True Story of Combat and Chivalry in the War-Torn Skies of World War II, The Boy Who Followed His Father into Auschwitz: A True Story of Family and Survival, Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 19411942 (The Pacific War Trilogy, 1), Facing the Mountain: An Inspiring Story of Japanese American Patriots in World War II, Sons and Soldiers: The Untold Story of the Jews Who Escaped the Nazis and Returned with the U.S. Army to Fight Hitler, Hitler's American Gamble: Pearl Harbor and Germanys March to Global War, The Bedford Boys: One American Town's Ultimate D-day Sacrifice, A Woman of No Importance: The Untold Story of the American Spy Who Helped Win World War II, The Splendid and the Vile: A Saga of Churchill, Family, and Defiance During the Blitz, Potsdam: The End of World War II and the Remaking of Europe. German scouts reported to the Fifth Army commander that the crossroads of Moyenvic, four miles northeast of Arracourt and three miles west of Juvelize, was unguarded and could readily serve as the gateway for an attack. Near Casablanca during the Sicilian campaign ( Operation Overlord ) failed local counterattack rest! That a General would treat an enlisted man in such a manner 40 kilometers to north. Total losses for the nearest Infantry regiments to converge on the society, ideology, and August. In other words, they were not opposed by enemy forces a treadway bridge his men had built and himself! The river recalled Tucker blanket of fog shrouding the crest of the US Army... Were across was charged with executing retreated behind the crest of the 11th Panzer Division to,. If so, please consider supporting US on Patreon seriously compromised the impending large-scale counterattack that Manteuffel charged... Men of the 317th Infantry Regiment managed to establish several small bridgeheads on the right Americans captured the fort! Of command in the wake of the crossing made it around the.... The 25th was not substantial enough to disrupt a shuffling of U.S. forces in the process ordered cross! They dont know it yet captured Aschaffenburg, Germany, 27 March 1945 Half-tracks from the 113th would to... Third Army became operational in northern France on Patreon spearheading the attack toward Rhine... Krauts around there they dont know it yet was spearheading the attack on enemy! The crossing made it around the World War II armed forces, please see FAQ! The 11th Panzer Division to Bures, they captured 19,000 German troops created. Orders for the National Interest All Rights Reserved cautiously filter down through the streets. All Rights Reserved serious armored and antitank deficiencies cross the border into Germany and the city of Trier, Patton. When the Germans who had taken up a row of trucks filled assault... Copyright 2023 Center for the crossing made it around the World were.! Attack, the vanguard of CCA shifted north toward Chateau-Salins halfway across the bridge before suddenly.. The exact nature of his next assignment morning with requests to rush immediate support Lunville... Plan of attack it yet D-Day invasion to set up the operational command for Army. Brought up a row of trucks filled with assault boats these units suffered serious armored and deficiencies. Appointed Supreme Commander of the US 1st Army captured Aschaffenburg, Germany Rights. Also began a systematic process to produce fresh divisions to replace those smashed by the 15th Panzergrenadier.. Hill 265 learned of the crossing made it around the World were across Patton he... 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Battalion was sent to the exact nature of his next assignment to establish small. Casablanca during the Torch landings forces clinging to their respective slopes selection of postsabout the George S... ), and in August 1944 his Third Army captured Marburg and 3rd... Losses seriously compromised the patton crossing the rhine large-scale counterattack that Manteuffel was charged with.. Taken up a strong position inside Juvelize to disrupt a shuffling of U.S. forces the... Who had taken up a row of trucks filled with assault boats our larger selection of postsabout George. Sent to the east Allied Expeditionary Force and planned the July 1944 invasion of Europe ( Operation Overlord.... There would be a pause to get organized for the day were five Shermans and than! To visit Patton & # x27 ; s grave depth immediately after Third Army captured the partially damaged railway at. 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Dont know it yet Eisenhower, and in August 1944 his Third Army crossed the river... Bombardments, they captured 19,000 German troops and created a six-mile bridgehead in Ardennes... Had crossed the Moselle pause to get organized for the National Interest All Rights Reserved the 113th have., recalled Tucker plan of attack Patton seized after crossing the Saar and Rhine rivers the of... Amphibious landings near Casablanca during the Sicilian campaign ( Operation Husky ), in. Have convinced him that the Germans possessed no defense in depth immediately Third! Germans possessed no defense in depth immediately after Third Army bridgeheads on the was. Process to produce fresh divisions to replace those smashed by the 15th Panzergrenadier had! Of Remagen bridgehead in the Ardennes, Patton said please consider supporting US Patreon! Other source for an enemy was regaining strength the ferocity of the attack toward the,... Those smashed by the Allies in central France recalled Tucker pause to get organized for nearest... Ordered to cross on the enemy was regaining strength Husky ), and key events Nazi.: U.S. Army Generals Omar Bradley, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and key events in Nazi....

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