All rights reserved. (Respondents can select multiple choices from a preselected menu of options, so the percentages in the figure do not add up to 100.). Send a Message. The five largest foreign-born groups in the United States, including those from Mexico, the Philippines, India, China, and Vietnam, account for 44 percent of the total immigrant population. In 2018, most immigrants lived in just 20 major metropolitan areas, with the largest populations in the New York, Los Angeles and Miami metro areas. Hindus, in turn, are much more likely than Christians or Muslims to state that religion is somewhat important, not too important, or not at all important in their lives. Immigrants in the U.S. as a whole have lower levels of education than the U.S.-born population. 24/7 Wall St. Then, click on a state to get the top 15 origin countries of immigrants residing in that state. Nearlyhalf a million immigrantscall Minnesota home, a population that includes citizens and non-citizens, students and workers, and refugees who fled their home countries. The survey also asks respondents how comfortable they would be if a son/daughter married someone from a particular background. Some 27% of immigrants were permanent residents and 5% were temporary residents in 2017. Its findings are based on a nationally representative online survey of 1,200 Indian American residents in the United Statesthe 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey (IAAS)conducted between September 1 and September 20, 2020, in partnership with the research and analytics firm YouGov. We bring the best out of every single solitary culture in the world here in the United States of America, and we give people an opportunity to let their dreams run forward.2. Report. However, todays immigrant share remains below the record 14.8% share in 1890, when 9.2 million immigrants lived in the U.S. 52 Arthur G. Rubinoff, The Diaspora as a Factor in U.S.-India Relations, Asian Affairs: An American Review 32, no. Among all immigrants, those from South Asia (71%) were the most likely to have a bachelors degree or more. A few findings merit attention. Sign up to receive emails from Carnegies South Asia Program! May 3, 2016. These findings raise two questions worthy of further exploration: Why does political polarization among Indian Americans differ from that characterizing Americans at large? the United States issues immigration visas to 2 . Give Orange. Interestingly, those born outside of the United States are most likely to say that they feel equally Indian and Americannearly one in two fall into this category (as do 38 percent of U.S.-born Indian Americans).35 A slightly higher share of U.S.-born Indian Americans (7 percent) than foreign-born Indian Americans (4 percent) claim that they feel neither Indian nor American. The survey asks respondents to identify the primary language (other than English) spoken by their mothera narrow, literal definition of the concept of ones mother tongue. Since 1820. 7 The term Dalit refers to individuals who occupy the lowermost rungs of the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy. Today, Indian Americans are a mosaic of recent arrivals and long-term residents. We are grateful to Ashley Grosse, Alexander Marsolais, and their colleagues at YouGov for their help with the design and execution of the survey. Click here for the second part of this series, an examination of how Indian Americans view Indian politics, and click here for the first part of the series, which explores how Indian Americans view U.S. politics. Not all lawful permanent residents choose to pursue U.S. citizenship. Jonathan Kay is a James C. Gaither junior fellow in the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 16 Of those born outside of the United States, 80 percent were born in India. Not Indian-Americans, simply Americans. Around the same time, Nina Davuluri (who was crowned Miss America 2014) remarked, The fact that I am rooted in Indian culture helped me win [the] Miss America pageant.11. The survey also asks respondents about their educational attainment, which provides insight into the socioeconomic profile of Indians in America. While the former report that a slightly higher share of their social network comprises people of the same caste, if one sets aside the dont know responses, the relative differences between caste identifiers and non-identifiers is marginal. (2022) By tidal93341. YouGov employs a sophisticated sample matching procedure to ensure that the respondent pool is representative of the Indian American community in the United States, using data from the ACS as a target sample frame. The population of immigrants is also very diverse, with just about every country in the world represented among U.S. immigrants. From 1990 to 2007, the unauthorized immigrant population more than tripled in size from 3.5 million to a record high of 12.2 million in 2007. In fact, that is precisely what the data suggest (see figure 10). Texas, Washington, New York and California resettled more than a quarter of all refugees admitted in fiscal 2018. The English are the largest ethnic group among the 3.9 million people counted, though nearly one in five Americans are of African heritage. These data suggest that the vast majority of the Indian immigrant population in the United States were already highly educated prior to arriving in the country. Nearly one in four respondents reports no particular attachment to a state of origin. Many respondents are between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five and, thus, are plausibly in the middle of their educational training. Generally, most immigrants eligible for naturalization apply to become citizens. Devesh Kapur is the Starr Foundation Professor of South Asian Studies and director of Asia Programs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). The reverse is true when it comes to identifying as Indian: the majority of Indian Americans who have lived in the United States between one and ten years (54 percent) feel most comfortable with this term, while that share declines to just 21 percent for those here for more than twenty-five years. . During the same period, the overall U.S. workforce grew, as did the number of U.S.-born workers and lawful immigrant workers. Respondents who support neither the BJP nor the Congresslisted as Otherappear more favorably inclined toward the Congress. Self-identification also varies by religion. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. . (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. 38 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?, 1213. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Given the relatively small share of Christians in the Indian American community, this suggests that Christmas is celebrated more on cultural than religious grounds. Today, one in five Minnesota children is the child of an immigrant. In 2020, Californias Department of Fair Employment and Housing filed a lawsuit against U.S.-based technology company Cisco Systems after an employee from one of Indias historically marginalized caste communities (Dalits) alleged that some of his upper caste Indian American colleagues discriminated against him on the basis of his caste identity.7 The suit, and subsequent media melee, triggered a wave of wrenching testimonials about the entrenched nature of castea marker of hierarchy and status associated with Hinduism (as well as other South Asian religions)within the diaspora community in the United States.8, More recently, there has been a troubling surge in hate crimes targeting Asian Americans in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the major distinction has to do with the intensity of this feeling, exemplified by the sharp difference in the share of respondents who report being very comfortable with friends of the opposite faith: 52 percent of Hindus are very comfortable having close Muslim friends, while 46 percent of Muslims are very comfortable having close Hindu friends. 40 Interestingly, the Indian-origin composition of social networks does not vary significantly by respondents age. 11 Chakravorty, Kapur, and Singh, The Other One Percent, 178. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, new Pew Research Center estimates based on census data adjusted for undercount. Christians, whose views are represented in the bottom two horizontal bars of figure 22, hold roughly similar attitudes toward both Hindus and Muslims. Cuba 16,367. What is also striking is how relatively small the differences are between respondents who identify with a caste versus those who do not. Malayalam (6 percent), Urdu (5 percent), Marathi (4 percent), and Kannada (3 percent) round out the list. 12 Sumitra Badrinathan, Devesh Kapur, and Milan Vaishnav, How Will Indian Americans Vote? In 2017, about 29 million immigrants were working or looking for work in the U.S., making up some 17% of the total civilian labor force. The first table lists U.S. states and the District of Columbia by annual net domestic migration, while the second table lists U.S. states and the District of Columbia by annual net international migration. Fifty-one percent of respondents who are fifty or older report praying once a day or several times a day, compared to just 29 percent of respondents between the ages of eighteen and twenty-nine. As a result, the map shows the nations other than Mexico where the surveys respondents were most likely to have been born. Data from the ACS show that the share of married couple households in the community is 50 percent greater than the U.S. average.20 In the IAAS sample, 66 percent of respondents were married or in a domestic partnership. Another 31 percent report little or no participation in religious services, claiming they do so seldom or never. Lawful immigrants made up the majority of the immigrant workforce, at 21.2 million. The immigrant population in the United States is extraordinarily diverse, with immigrants hailing from almost every nation. When it comes to discrimination experienced by Indian Americans, a significantly larger share of foreign-born Indian Americans (59 percent) state that they have not been discriminated against on any grounds in the past year, compared to just 36 percent of U.S.-born Indian Americans (see figure 27). How do Indian Americans perceive their own ethnic identity? Other regions contributing smaller percentages of immigrants included the Middle East and North Africa (4%), sub-Saharan Africa (5%), South America (7%), Central America (8%), the Caribbean (10%), and as well as Europe, Canada and other North America (13%). 14 Mary Hanna and Jeanne Batalova, Indian Immigrants in the United States, Migration Policy Institute, October 16, 2020, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/indian-immigrants-united-states-2019. Immigrants today account for 13.7% of the U.S. population, nearly triple the share (4.8%) in 1970. Formed in 2021, we provide fact-based, non-partisan news. Thirty-six percent say they are somewhat comfortable and 10 percent say they are not comfortable at all. Note: This is an update of a post originally published May 3, 2017, and written by Gustavo Lpez, a former research analyst focusing on Hispanics, immigration and demographics; and Kristen Bialik, a former research assistant. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. In addition to new arrivals, U.S. births to immigrant parents will be important to future growth in the countrys population. The survey asks respondents whether they believe other minorities experience a greater degree of discrimination relative to Indian Americans (see figure 25). The share of Indian Americans who pray either several times a day or once a day is slightly below the U.S. average (46 percent according to Pew survey data).26 Another 20 percent of Indian Americans report taking part in prayer a few times a week or once a week, while 11 percent pray at least a few times a month. 2) Population estimates for stateswith an immigrant population under 2,000 persons are not provided due to insufficient sample size. For complete survey topline results, please visit Appendix B online. First, Hindus are more likely to report that most or all of their Indian friends are also Hindus, underscoring a greater degree of religious homogeneity in their social networks. Fourteen percent of non-citizens are on F-1, J-1, or M-1 visascategories of student or scholar visaswhile another 5 percent hold an L-1 visa, a designation available to employees of an international company with offices in the United States. The US Census Bureau's American Community Survey asks millions of people every year detailed questions about their social, economic, and demographic situations. CORRECTION (Sept. 21, 2020): An update to the methodology used to tabulate figures in the chartAmong new immigrant arrivals, Asians outnumber Hispanicshas changed all figures from 2001 and 2012. YouGov maintains a proprietary, double opt-in survey panel comprised of 1.8 million U.S. residents who have agreed to participate in YouGovs surveys. However, thanks to the decline in response rates, the rise of the internet and smartphone penetration, and the evolution in statistical techniques, nonprobability panelssuch as the one YouGov employshave quickly become the norm in survey research.55 For instance, the Economist partnered with YouGov to track political attitudes around the November 2020 U.S. presidential election using a customized panel.56. The national origins of such immigrant populations likewise differ significantly. But how Indian Americans choose to deploy this influence remains an open question. One might expect, however, that the importance of a respondents Indian identity might vary by their place of birth. This is a genuine puzzle. Figure 5 maps respondents states of origin in India. The data in figure 26 show that one in two Indian Americans reports being subject to some form of discrimination in the past year. Follow. One-quarter of all respondents self-identify as Indian while 7 percent choose the term Asian Indian.. Third, Christians are much more likely to report that hardly any or none of their Indian friends share their religion. Sampling weights were then post-stratified on 2016 presidential vote choice, as well as a three-way stratification of gender, age (four categories), and education (four categories), to produce the final weight. Figure 19 displays the responses to this question, collapsing five response categories into three for ease of exposition. For those respondents who immigrated to the United States, over half (60 percent) arrived in the year 2000 or after (see figure 2).17 Seventeen percent arrived in the 1990s, 13 percent immigrated in the 1980s, and just 10 percent arrived before the year 1980. 51 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?. It Depends on the Measure, Pew Research Center, June 17, 2014, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/06/17/which-party-is-more-to-blame-for-political-polarization-it-depends-on-the-measure/. Only 26 percent of Hindus who do not identify with a caste respond to questions about the caste composition of their social networks by answering dont know. This indicates that even though a large proportion of Hindu respondents say they do not identify with a caste, only a small fraction are unaware of the caste composition of their networks. Given that only 5 percent of IAAS respondents report being victims of caste discrimination, any subgroup analysis must be interpreted with due care given the small sample sizes involved. Fifty-eight percent of Christians report attending church at least once or several times per week. While the majority are immigrants, a rising share . The key takeaway is that Republicans are more comfortable having close friends who are Democrats than the converse (see figure 23). In 2017, the Trump administration deported 295,000 immigrants, the lowest total since 2006. As the Baby Boom generation heads into retirement, immigrants and their children are expected to offset a decline in the working-age population by adding about 18 million people of working age between 2015 and 2035. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Business Insider identified the country of origin of the largest group of foreign-born residents in each state. Because the results are largely the same, this study only reports results from the former. Thirty-six percent report that either all or most of their friends are of Indian origin, while 21 percent report that very few or none of their friends are of Indian origin. 34 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?, 2022. Interestingly, respondents born in the United States report twice as much discrimination along gender and religious lines than those born outside of the United States. The Census Bureau pooled together survey responses from between 2013 and 2017, allowing the bureau's statisticians to publish estimates of how many people in the foreign-born populations of each state and the District of Columbia came from various countries. Respondents were allowed to skip questions save for important demographic questions that determined the nature of other survey items. Nearly one in two respondents (45 percent) report discussing politics in the past yearby far the most common activity. 45 Carroll Doherty, Which Party is More to Blame for Political Polarization? Although the latter difference in perceptions of caste discrimination is tiny, it is nonetheless interesting given the lower degree of caste consciousness among U.S.-born Indian Americans. However, duration of stay remains significant. The one slight deviation in the overall pattern of civic engagement is found in the final categoryworking with others in your community to solve a problem. For instance, the category Other Backward Classes (OBC) is common among Muslims, while Scheduled Castes or Dalits can also be found in Buddhist, Sikh, Christian, and Muslim communities. By using this website, you agree to our cookie policy. Seventy-three percent of respondents believe that Asian Americans who are not of Indian origin face more discrimination than Indian Americans. The largest immigrant group in the United States is the: Italians French Germans Irish Germans The second largest immigrant group to settle in this country is the: Italians French Germans Irish Italians By the time Greek people emigrated to this country, the demand for labor had decreased. However, the results point in the opposite direction. Other regions make up smaller shares: Europe, Canada and other North America (13%), the Caribbean (10%), Central America (8%), South America (7%), the Middle East and North Africa (4%) and sub-Saharan Africa (5%). 22 There is no one-to-one correspondence between Hindi and an Indian state of origin since the language is spoken across a broad swath of states, especially but not exclusively in north and central India. Educational attainment varies among the nations immigrant groups, particularly across immigrants from different regions of the world. Seventeen percent of U.S.-born citizens report attending a public meeting, while 12 percent of foreign-born citizens and 6 percent of non-citizens report doing so. . Immigrants are projected to drive future growth in the U.S. working-age population through at least 2035. Of course, many Indian Americansirrespective of citizenshipremain tied to India thanks to direct family connections. 36 A November 2020 Pew survey of American voters found that 36 percent of respondents demonstrated support for a candidate on social media, one quarter contributed money to a political campaign, 10 percent said they attended a virtual political rally or online campaign event, and 6 percent attended an online campaign event. Nineteen percent of them are not comfortable having close friends associated with the BJP. Specifically, this study addresses seven questions concerning the social realities of Indian Americans: This study is the third in a series of empirical papers on the Indian American community. First, the survey asked respondents how important being Indian is to their identity. 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